Brevier Technical Ceramics

02 Dec.,2024

 

Brevier Technical Ceramics

10.3.2.2 Hard Machined Ceramic

For parts made of technical ceramics for machine construction applications, the tolerances mentioned above for functional surfaces are often inadequate for the user's needs. For this reason, tolerances for ceramic parts in accordance with

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DIN ISO -m-K

are quoted. These can be achieved through hard machining.

Drawing specifications

Dimensional tolerances that do not correspond to the general tolerances according to this standard are to be listed according to DIN 40 680-1 and -2 as tolerances or as ISO tolerance zones, directly stating the appropriate nominal dimension.

General tolerances with symmetrical dimensions with accuracy grades "medium" and "coarse" according to tables 29 and 30 are not added directly to the nominal dimensions. Instead, the following entries are made in the title block:

DIN 40 680-A-m or
DIN 40 680-A-g.

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If several ceramic parts are shown on a single drawing, and if those parts are produced using different processes and therefore possess general tolerances with different grades of precision as specified by DIN 40 680-1, then the coarsest precision grade is entered into the title block. The tolerances with the finer precision grade are then added to the corresponding nominal dimension.
It can happen that for reasons of function, or for reasons concerned with production techniques, either only positive or only negative tolerance dimensions can be shown, but that the tolerance range is nevertheless intended to correspond to one of the particular precision grades in the general tolerances according to tables 29/30. In such cases, the figure for the associated general tolerance is doubled where the relevant nominal dimension is stated, and simply given an arithmetic sign. These tolerances, however, are not considered general tolerances, and are thus added to the corresponding nominal dimension rather than being entered into the title block.
Since the general tolerances for the "fine" accuracy grade are not fixed, either the tolerance agreed between the user and the manufacturer or the ISO tolerances are always added after the nominal dimension.
For further details, see DIN 40 680-1.


Table 29: Manufacturing procedures for dimensional tolerances in accordance
with DIN 40 680-1 for the "coarse" and " fine" precision grades


Table 30: General tolerances for products without finishing after firing


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Ceramics - Top Seiko Co,. Ltd.

Material Vickers Hardness
HV(GPa) Fracture Toughness
(MPa&#;m1/2) Machinability Machinable Ceramics Low Medium Very High They can be easily machined with tungsten carbide cutting tools. Fused Silicate (SiO&#;)
Borosilicate Glass
Silicon (Si) Low
9
5
5 Low High They can be effectively machined with diamond grinding tools due to their low hardness and low fracture toughness.
However, sufficient cautions need to be exercised to avoid cracking & chipping. Alumina (Al&#;O&#;) Medium
18 Medium
4 High Alumina is the most popular ceramic material with good machinability. However, the machinability of lower purity aluminas is heavily affected by other compositions. Aluminum Nitride (AlN) Medium
13 Medium
3 High AlN has machinability similar to alumina. However, it is more susceptible to microcrack formation and chipping due to its low fracture toughness.
AlN reacts with water to produce ammonia gas while machining. Keeping machining operations cool is important to minimize the gas generation. Also, it is necessary to avoid water contact as much as possible to prevent surface from turning white. Zirconia (ZrO&#;) Medium
13 High
6 Low Zirconia is the material often used for achieving abrasion-resistance because of its high hardness and flexural rigidity. Other than that, it has properties of heat-resistance and low thermal conductivity. Silicon Nitride (Si&#;N&#;) Medium
13 High
6 Low Silicon Nitride has low machinability due to its high fracture toughness. It is so tough that it can rapidly damage diamond grains of the grinding tool, causing excessive tool wear which will eventually lead to a catastrophic failure. Keeping sharpness of a grinding tool and replacing when sharpness is lost are crucial. Sapphire (Al&#;O&#;) High
23 Medium Low Sapphire has extremely high hardness and can cause clogging on a grinding tool surface.
Being a single crystal form of corundum, a crack generated during machining will eventually propagate and cause breakage of the sapphire product.